Single nucleus ATAC-seq will be used to discover epigenetic mechanisms and transcriptional drivers that underly heterogeneity defined in the other methods.

Single nucleus RNA- seq will identify rare cell populations and permit rigorous analysis of differential expression within all tumor and microenvironmental cell populations.

Spatial transcriptomics will be employed as a discovery tool to nominate novel targets and to identify heterogeneity in cell transcriptional phenotypes.

Imaging Mass Cytometry will be essential for directly assaying targeted protein expression and for accurately identifying the spatial position of major cell types.

A non-invasive, blood-based biopsy for cancer that can provide doctors with information related to a patient’s disease and response to treatment. Liquid biopsies will be used to monitor circulating tumor cells and their molecular profiles.